Psychometrics is a field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement. Psychometrics generally refers to specialized fields within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and related activities. Psychometrics is concerned with the objective measurement of lateral construct that cannot be directly observed. Example of lateral construcrs include intelligence, introversion,, mental disorders, and educational achievement. The levels of individuals on nonobservable latent variables are inferred through mathematical modeling based on what is observed from individual responses to items on tests and scales. Practitioners are described as psychometricians, although not all who engage in psychometric research go by this title. Psychometricians usually possess a specific qualification such as degrees or certifications, and most are psychologists with advanced graduate training in psychometrics and measurement theory. In addit...

 In Christianity, Christology, translated literally from Greek as "the study of Christ," is a branch of theology that concerns Jesus. Different denominations have different opinions on questions like whether Jesus was human, divine, or both, and as a messiah what his role would be in the freeing of the Jewish people from foreign rulers or in the prophesied Kingdom of God, and in the salvation from what would otherwise be the consequences of sin. The earliest Christian writings gave several titles to Jesus, such as Son of Man, Son of God, Messiah, and Kyrios, which were all derived from the Hebrew scriptures. These terms centered around two opposing themes, namely "Jesus as a preexistent figure who becomes human and then returns to God," versus adoptionism - that Jesus was human who was "adopted" by God at his baptism, crucifixion, or resurrection. From the second to the fifth centuries, the relation of the human and divine nature of Christ was a major focu...